如何处理国内展会知识产权危机/王瑜

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如何处理国内展会知识产权危机

展会是展示新产品、新技术的一个最直接的窗口,也是重要的销售途径,其销售成功率和销售的效率是传统销售方式的几倍,所以参加展会受到越来越多企业重视。但是长期以来,展会知识产权侵权问题一直是展会的“雷区”,参展商最担心的问题是自己辛辛苦苦研究出来的成果被他人偷去模仿,反过来以低价位抢走自己的客户。而国内企业花费巨额资金参加国际展会,却经常被阻挡在展会之外,或者被强制撤展,甚至发生过参展人员遭受逮捕的事件。这都是知识产权惹的祸,无论参加国内展会还是国际展会,参展商对展会都是“想说爱你却并不是件容易的事”,展会因为知识产权问题而显得危机四伏,所以探讨展会知识产权问题就显得十分的必要与迫切。下面就从国内、国际两个方面阐述如何处理展会知识产权危机。

有人给展会下了这样的定义:“在最短的时间内,在最小的空间里,用最少的成本做出最大的生意。”随着我国经济的繁荣,展会业也日益兴旺发达,但展会的知识产权问题日益成为一个困扰展会业发展的瓶颈,对于参展商而言更加关注展会知识产权危机的处理。

一、政策背景
鉴于近年来展会侵权事件屡屡发生,侵权产品进入展览会,严重影响了展览会的正常交易秩序,更损害了参展商的合法权益。2006年1月10日由商务部、国家版权局、国家工商总局、国家知识产权局共同发布第一号令公布了《展会知识产权保护办法》,该办法于2006年3月1日正式实施,这是我国首部专门对展会知识产权保护工作制定的行政规章,为展会知识产权保护工作提供了法律保障。

同时为了增强展会的知识产权保护意识,商务部、海关总署、国家工商总局、国家版权局、国家知识产权局和中国国际贸促会五部门在2006年联手开展了“蓝天展会行动”,旨在有效遏制展会期间的侵犯知识产权行为,规范展会市场秩序,营造公平的竞争环境,保护知识产权人的合法权益。《北京市展会知识产权办法》规定大型的展会必须派知识产权行政机构人员进驻,为参展商提供服务,方便参展商及时有效解决知识产权侵权问题。对国内主要展会从业单位负责人和从业人员集中培训,提高展会从业单位知识产权保护的意识和水平。举办“展会知识产权保护国际研讨会”,探讨保护知识产权方面的经验和做法。可见我国政府对展会知识产权问题已经相当的重视。我国一些大型的展会对知识产权也有自己的规定,比如广交会就制定了专门的《涉嫌侵犯知识产权的投诉及处理办法》。

二、展会上发现侵权怎么办
展会一般只有短短几天时间,但是展会知识产权侵权的萌芽、发生到维权结束却是一个长期的过程,下面我们将按展前、展中、展后三个过程分别阐述如何处理知识产权侵权问题。

(一)展会前发现侵权产品怎么办?
展会一般按行业召开,来者都是同行,任何一家企业的新技术都将成为焦点,而新产品则更容易被同行轻易模仿走。知识产权侵权不仅只会发生在展会上,其实很多新技术早在展会之前就已经被同行业侵权使用,如果侵权者进入同一个展会,必然以低价的优势抢走客户,这种危害比普通的侵权要大得多,所以这时参展商最大的希望就是阻止侵权者一同参展,那么如何将侵权者阻止在展会之外呢?

如果发现有侵权的同行可能将侵权产品参展,这时参展商应当及时采取行动,以书面的形式告知展会的主办方,并且附上自己的相关权利证明。有些展会主办方只重视招商,而对侵权通告置之不理,最好委托律师以律师函形式告知,告知某参展商可能侵犯自己的知识产权,希望制止其参展。如果展会主办方知道有人侵权,仍然允许其参展,展会主办方也将承担侵权责任,这时展会主办方必须考虑是要参展费还是准备承担侵权责任了。其次,向展会所在地的知识产权管理部门发律师函,告知某参展商可能将侵犯自己知识产权的产品在展会上展出,希望制止。最后,还可以向自己或侵权者公司所在的知识产权管理部门,要求及时查处侵权行为。根据《北京市知识产权保护办法》规定:“主办方应当依法做好展会知识产权保护工作,建立健全展前审查参展项目(包括展品、展板、展台及相关宣传资料等)知识产权状况的制度……”有些展会也有相关的展前预审制度。如果投诉得当,侵权人将通不过知识产权预审而进不了展会,同时也构成对侵权者的威慑,迫使其放弃将侵权产品参展,达到将其阻挡在展会门外的目的。这样还为以后的处理打下来很好的基础,引起各方的高度关注,一旦在展会中发现有侵权产品参展,侵权产品很容易被立刻撤出展会,将损失降到最低。

(二)展会时发现侵权产品怎么办?
第八届中国国际建筑贸易博览会上,在展览会开幕的第一天,展会主办方就收到了浙江某知名装饰品公司和德国某品牌卫浴公司的公函,两家公司声称有十几家参展企业的产品侵犯了他们的专利权,要求主办方给予妥善处理。两家企业邀请上海市知识产权局执法部门出面,将侵权产品撤出了展会,得到了妥善解决。在展会上发现知识产权侵权,参展商首先想到的是将侵权者或者侵权产品逐出展会,那么参展商又该如何处理呢?

首先要有证明自己享有相关权利的证据。2007年1月第33届中国国际裘皮革皮制品交易会在北京国际展览中心开展,本律师事务所作为该展会的知识产权顾问,受理了一起商标侵权投诉,投诉人称其拥有某国际品牌服装产品在中国大陆区域的独有商标许可使用权,在此次展会上发现了侵权产品,要求侵权人撤除侵权产品。我们要求投诉人就其所主张的权利出示书面证据,但投诉人却没有任何权属证明,我们当然不能进行处理。所以参展商必须要有充分对准备,主要是文件上的准备,综合各种相关规定一般应当提前准备:1、企业的营业执照,以表明自己的合法身份;2、知识产权权属文件,以证明自己享有相关知识产权权利,如果自己不是原始的权利人,只是被许可使用者,还应当携带许可使用的协议等; 3、盖好公章的空白授权委托书,以便企业参展人员有权来处理侵权事宜;4、其他证明文件。

其次要提出侵权者侵权的证据。证据就在侵权者的展台上,但不是过去拿来这么简单。法律上的取证要合法才能被认可,取证要注意以下几点:1、必须在侵权人发现之前就要拿到,否则侵权人很容易将证据销毁;2、取证过程中避免惊动侵权人,避免发生直接冲突;3、取证过程要有音像记录,偷拍偷录的音像资料都是有效的证据;4、借助外力固化,在某次展会受理的6宗投诉中,多数投诉人都有律师陪同,有些投诉人还带来公证机构工作人员进场取证。

第三是投诉。怎么投诉,很多展会有一些具体的规定,可以按照其规定来进行投诉。投诉首先要清楚向谁投诉?现在很多展会都设立了知识产权办公室,或者有相关知识产权管理部门联合执法机构入驻,投诉可以向知识产权办公室或者联合执法机构投诉。济南某某机器有限公司在北京的大型国际展会上发现了侵权产品,直接向山东省济南市知识产权局投诉,该局远赴北京对涉嫌侵权产品进行现场取证,将侵权产品就地封存。向自己所在当地知识产权管理部门投诉也是个不错的办法。其次要明白如何投诉,对于投诉人而言,投诉是希望将侵权者或侵权产品逐出展会,但这并不是很简单的事情。一些地方法规或者某些展会采取的是“举证责任倒置”,也就是让侵权者来证明自己不侵权,这加大了侵权者的责任。但这不意味着可以随便投诉,投诉还是要按照规定的程序进行,按规定递交投诉材料,除了要递交自己享有权利的证明,侵权者侵权的证明,还必须将侵权情况以及比对方式详细阐述,以便相关机构迅速做出判断,做出撤销或者遮蔽侵权产品的处理。投诉需要一定的专业知识,所以为了达到尽快处理的投诉效果,最好聘请专业的律师来打理。

(三)展会后怎样处理侵权行为?
展会的时间只有几天,有些侵权案件无法在几天之内就得到处理,而且展会上对侵权案件采取的措施基本是临时措施,包括对侵权者的处罚、侵权赔偿等并不能在展会期间得到解决。那么展会完毕后还要继续将维权进行到底。展会后维权有行政投诉和民事诉讼两条途径,如果侵权情况严重构成侵犯知识产权罪,还可以向公安机关举报,要求对侵权者进行刑事处罚。无论是行政投诉还是民事诉讼,或者是向公安机关举报,这些都可以通过常规程序解决,因为在时间上没有迫切要求,所以聘请本地的律师来代理解决就可以了。

三、被控告侵权怎么办?
有投诉方,就有被投诉方,展会中并不是每件投诉都被认定侵权。有的投诉人出于不正当的目的,采取虚假投诉的方式,干扰同行正常的参展行为,现在越来越多的大型展会对知识产权投诉采取举证责任倒置,要求被投诉人提出不侵权的证据,如果不能提出就要承担不利的后果,很可能被直接清出展会,甚至影响以后的参展,这对参展商必然造成严重的损失,在展会中被投诉侵权怎么办呢?这也是参展商不得不面临的问题。

首先一定要带好各种文件,这些文件和上文介绍的参展前准备的文件一样;其次要积极主张自己的权利,提交不侵权的证据,阐述不侵权的理由,以积极的态度应对指控,捍卫自己的权益。提出自己不侵权的证据主要有两个方面:1、提出自己相关的权利证书;2、提出自己开发的证据。很多企业并没有申请商标、也没有对自己开发的技术申请专利,如果提不出权利证书,那么可以提交一些自己开发的证据。阐述不侵权的理由主要是围绕投诉人的权利进行辩解,阐述自己与投诉人的不同之处。如果确实构成侵权,应该积极配合将侵权产品撤下来,当然也可以同投诉人主动谈判,争取将损失减到最小。

四、如何预防被侵权
2004年的某一次展会还没有结束,国内模仿的产品已经出现在展会上。展会上的展品被模仿是参展商最为担心的问题,在参观者中也不乏各种各样的“取经人”,开发一个新产品需要很多的资金和时间精力,而模仿却要简单得多。为了防止展品在展会上被侵权,参展商想尽了各种办法,比如严禁照相,在明显的地方树立“不欢迎同行”的牌子,有的参展商将自己的展区封闭起来,在入口处以狐疑的眼光审视每一位参观者……这些办法都无法制止有备而来的模仿者。其实这个问题并不难解决,容易被模仿的一般是外观设计以及一些较为简单的新型的实用技术。外观设计受到专利法以及著作权法的保护,新型的实用技术也可以申请实用新型专利,将这些申请专利和进行相关登记后,如果发现侵权可以主张自己的权利,要求对方停止侵权并赔偿经济损失。这个道理很简单,但是很多参展商却有自己的顾虑:认为外观设计等时效很短,等拿到专利证已经不流行了,再也不存在侵权了,这个想法使国内企业陷入一个怪圈,自己不主张维护自己的权利,又想制止他人“侵权”。其实外观专利以及实用新型专利审批的时间很短,一年基本可以获得专利权,一个产品从开发到进入市场有一定的周期,只要尽早申请还是能够获得足够的保护。而著作权登记的时间则非常的短,顶多几周时间,这样完全可以利用著作权登记制止一些外观等方面的侵权。

五、如何预防被动侵权
现在展会知识产权越来越受重视,权利人也越来越积极主张自己的权利,这样有些参展商很可能成为“无辜”的侵权人,这就是展会中的被动侵权。被动侵权的情形也是多种多样,最为普遍的是展台的设计和宣传材料侵权,因此被撤展、被起诉,受到处罚的案例已经有不少。参展商的展台设计,宣传材料的制作一般都是委托别人,所以很难进行知识产权监控,就为自己埋下了侵权的隐患,所以对这个问题也不容忽视。

这个问题并不难解决,主要在于预防,预防的办法就是在委托别人设计展台和宣传册等时,应当对知识产权问题进行约定,要求制作方不能侵犯其他人知识产权,并且约定如果侵权,侵权责任将由制作方承担。这样能减轻参展商的被动侵权责任,并且能将因为被动侵权造成的损失,要求制作方承担,最大程度减轻了被动侵权的责任。



作者:王律师,中国知识产权研究会高级会员

电话:010-51662214,邮箱:51662214@sohu.com,网址:51662214.com

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济南市人民政府关于公布政府规章清理结果的决定

山东省济南市人民政府


济南市人民政府关于公布政府规章清理结果的决定

  《济南市人民政府关于公布政府规章清理结果的决定》已经市政府59次常务会议审议通过,现予以公布,自公布之日起施行。

市长 张建国
二OO八年一月七日


  按照《国务院办公厅关于开展行政法规规章清理工作的通知》(国办发〔2007〕12号)和省政府要求,经对我市2007年12月31日前发布的、现行有效的180件市政府规章进行清理,市政府决定,废止《济南市人民政府关于加强停车场管理整顿道路停车秩序的通告》等81件政府规章,保留《济南市道路交通安全责任规定》等99件政府规章。
  附件:1.济南市人民政府决定废止的规章目录
http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2008/1/24/art_57_1102.html
     2.济南市人民政府决定保留的规章目录

http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2008/1/24/art_57_1102.html

国务院关于中外合资经营企业外汇收支平衡问题的规定(附英文)(已失效)

国务院


国务院关于中外合资经营企业外汇收支平衡问题的规定(附英文)

1986年1月15日,国务院

第一条 为鼓励外国合营者在中国境内兴办中外合资经营企业,促进其外汇收支平衡,以利于生产经营和外国合营者将所得合法利润汇往国外,特制定本规定。
第二条 中外合资经营企业生产的产品应多出口,多创汇,做到外汇收支平衡。
第三条 依法批准兴办的中外合资经营企业,其外汇收支需要调剂的,应按照审批权限,分级管理解决。经国家主管机关批准兴办的中外合资经营企业,由国家主管机关负责在全国范围内的中外合资经营企业的外汇收入中调剂解决,也可由国家主管机关同地方人民政府按商定的比例调剂解决。经由国务院授权的或国家主管机关委托的地方人民政府或国务院有关部门批准兴办的中外合资经营企业,由各该地方人民政府或部门负责在所批准兴办的中外合资经营企业的外汇收入中调剂解决。
第四条 对于外国合营者提供先进技术、关键技术生产的尖端产品,或在国际上有竞争能力的优质产品,如国内急需,经主管部门鉴定合格,按国家规定的审批权限和审批程序,经过批准,可在内销比例和内销期限上给予优惠。此项内销,应由产需双方签订合同加以明确。前款企业的外汇平衡方案,按本规定第三条第二款规定由批准机关制订。批准机关制订的外汇平衡方案,应分别按行政序列,送对外经济贸易部或地方经贸部门审查提出意见,报国家计划委员会或地方计划委员会批准后纳入长期或年度用汇计划,予以解决。
第五条 中外合资经营企业生产国内需要长期进口或急需进口的产品,可根据对该项产品的质量、规格要求和进口情况,经国务院主管部门或地方主管部门批准实行进口替代。此项替代,应在双方签订的中外合资经营企业合同或产需合同中加以明确。经贸部门应积极支持国内用货单位同前款中外合资经营企业按国际价格订立购销合同;其用汇方案按本规定第三条第二款规定制订,并分别按行政序列,送对外经济贸易部或地方经贸部门审查提出意见,报国家计划委员会或地方计划委员会批准后纳入长期或年度进口用汇计划,予以解决。
第六条 中外合资经营企业为求得外汇收支平衡,经对外经济贸易部门批准,可利用外国合营者的销售关系,推销国内产品出口,实行综合补偿。但属于国家统一经营的、有出口配额的和应申报领取出口许可证的产品,须报对外经济贸易部特许批准;未经批准,中外合资经营企业不得经营此类产品的出口业务。
第七条 中外合资经营企业未按合同规定完成其所承担的出口和创汇任务,因而造成外汇收支不平衡的,有关机关不承担调剂解决的责任。
第八条 中外合资经营企业销售给经济特区和沿海开放城市的经济技术开发区以外的其他地区有外汇支付能力的企业的产品,经国家外汇管理部门批准,允许以外币计价结算。
第九条 同一外国合营者在中国境内(包括不同地方、不同部门)兴办两个或两个以上的中外合资经营企业,其合法所得的外汇份额有的有余、有的不足时,经国家外汇管理部门批准,可在其所办的各个企业之间调剂解决。前款调剂,应取得合营各方同意。
第十条 经对外经济贸易部门和外汇管理部门批准,外汇收支不能平衡的中外合资经营企业的外国合营者,可将其从中外合资经营企业分得的人民币利润,按《中外合资经营企业法》第七条的规定再投资于国内能够新创外汇或新增加外汇收入的企业,除依法享受退还已缴纳的部分所得税的优惠外,并可从接受该项投资企业新增加的外汇收入中获得外汇,以汇出其合法利润。
第十一条 本规定适用于在中国境内兴办的中外合作经营企业,以及香港、澳门、台湾地区的公司、企业和其他经济组织在内地兴办的合资经营企业、合作经营企业,也适用于华侨投资兴办的合资经营企业、合作经营企业。外国的合营者在中国境内兴办的金融、保险类企业,以及香港、澳门、台湾地区的合营者在内地兴办的此类企业,不适用本规定。
第十二条 本规定发布前的有关中外合资经营企业外汇收支平衡的规定,凡与本规定相抵触的,以本规定为准。
第十三条 本规定由对外经济贸易部负责解释。
第十四条 本规定自一九八六年二月一日起施行。(附英文)

PROVISIONS OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING THE ISSUE OF BALANCE OFINCOME AND EXPENDITURE IN FOREIGN EXCHANGE OF CHINESE-FOREIGN EQUITY JOINTVENTURES

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
PROVISIONS OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING THE ISSUE OF BALANCE OF
INCOME AND EXPENDITURE IN FOREIGN EXCHANGE OF CHINESE-FOREIGN EQUITY JOINT
VENTURES
(Promulgated by the State Council on January 15, 1986)
Article 1
These Provisions are formulated for the purpose of encouraging foreign
investors to set up Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures in China and
promoting the achievement of balance of income and expenditure in foreign
exchange of these ventures so as to facilitate their production and
business operations and make it available for foreign partners to remit
abroad their legitimate profits obtained in China.
Article 2
Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures should try to increase export of
their products and generate more foreign exchange and strive to achieve
balance of income and expenditure in foreign exchange.
Article 3
If the income and expenditure in foreign exchange of a Chinese-foreign
equity joint venture which has been set up with approval and in accordance
with the law need to be regulated, the regulation shall be administered
and effected by the authorities at different levels in accordance with
their respective authority for examination and approval. With respect to a
Chinese-foreign equity joint venture which has been set up with the
approval of competent state authorities, the regulation of its income and
expenditure in foreign exchange shall be effected by the competent state
authorities from the foreign exchange revenues of the Chinese-foreign
equity joint ventures throughout the country, or it may also be effected
jointly by the competent state authorities and the local people's
governments in accordance with the percentage agreed upon through
consultation between them. With respect to a Chinese-foreign equity joint
venture which has been launched with the approval of the local people's
government or of the department concerned of the State Council of the
People's Republic of China which has been authorized by the State Council
of the People's Republic of China or entrusted by competent state
authorities to grant the approval, the regulation of its revenue and
expenditure in foreign exchange shall be effected by the local people's
government or the department concerned from the foreign exchange revenues
of the Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures which have been launched with
their approval.
Article 4
Sophisticated products manufactured with advanced technology or key
technology provided by foreign joint venturers or quality products highly
competitive on the international market may be granted preferential
treatment in respect of the percentage and the time limit allowed for
placing them on the domestic market, provided that they are urgently
needed domestically and are proved to be up to standard upon appraisal by
competent authorities and that the granting of such treatment has been
approved in accordance with the power for examination and approval and the
procedures of examination and approval prescribed by the state. The
placing of such products on the domestic market shall be specified in the
contract signed between the manufactures and the party that needs the
products.
The plan for the balance of revenue and expenditure in foreign exchange in
the joint ventures involved in the preceding paragraph of this Article
shall be formulated by the approving authorities in accordance with the
provisions in the second paragraph of Article 3 of these Provisions. The
plan for the balance of revenue and expenditure in foreign exchange thus
formulated by the approving authorities shall, in accordance with the
respective administrative order, be submitted to the Ministry of Foreign
Economic Relations and Trade or the local department of foreign economic
relations and trade for examination and comments and then be submitted to
the State Planning Commission or the local planning commission for
approval, upon which it shall be included into the long-term plan or
annual plan for the use of foreign exchange and put into practice.
Article 5
Products manufactured by Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures which for a
long time have had to be imported or are urgently needed may, in
accordance with the quality and specifications required of the products
and the status of their importation and upon approval by the competent
authorities of the State Council of the People's Republic of China or by
the local competent authorities, be used as import substitutes. Such
substitution shall be specified in the Chinese-foreign equity joint
venture contract signed between the two parties thereto or in the contract
signed between the manufacturers and the party that needs the products.
Departments of foreign economic relations and trade shall give active
support to the domestic units that are users of the products and encourage
them to sign purchase and sale contracts with the Chinese-foreign equity
joint ventures referred to in the preceding paragraph in accordance with
the prices prevailing in the international market. The plans for the use
of foreign exchange for these units shall be formulated in accordance with
the provisions in the second paragraph of Article 3 of these Provisions.
The plans thus formulated shall, in accordance with the respective
administrative order, be submitted to the Ministry of Foreign Economic
Relations and Trade or the local departments of foreign economic relations
and trade for examination and comments and then be submitted to the State
Planning Commission or the local planning commissions for approval, upon
which they shall be included in the long-term plans or annual plans for
the use of foreign exchange and put into practice.
Article 6
In their efforts to seek a balance of revenue and expenditure in foreign
exchange, Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures may, upon approval by
departments of foreign economic relations and trade, make use of the
foreign joint venturers' marketing relations to promote the export of
domestic products and achieve comprehensive compensation. But with respect
to the products which are under the State's centralized management, or for
which export quotas are set, or for which an export licence is to be
applied for and obtained, they shall be exported only with the special
permission of the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade. In
default of such special permission no Chinese-foreign equity joint
ventures may engage in the export business of these products.
Article 7
If a Chinese-foreign equity joint venture fails to fulfil the tasks of
export and bringing in foreign exchange earnings it has undertaken in
accordance with the stipulations of the contract, thus causing an
imbalance of revenue and expenditure in foreign exchange, the authorities
concerned shall not be held responsible for the regulation thereof.
Article 8
The products sold by Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures to enterprises
which are located in areas other than the Special Economic Zones and the
Economic and Technological Development Areas of the Open Coastal Cities
and which are capable of making payment in foreign exchange shall, upon
approval by the state departments for control of foreign exchange, be
permitted to be priced and settled in foreign exchange.
Article 9
With respect to a foreign joint venturer who has set up two or more
Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures inside China (including those in
different localities and different sectors), the legitimate share of
foreign exchange the venturer is entitled to receive, in case of surplus
in one venture but deficit in another, may, upon approval by the state
department for control of foreign exchange, be regulated between the
ventures the venturer has set up.
The regulation referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be subject to
the consent of all the parties to the joint ventures.
Article 10
Foreign joint venturers in Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures who fail
to achieve a balance of revenue and expenditure in foreign exchange may,
upon approval by the departments of foreign economic relations and trade
and departments for control of foreign exchange, re-invest the share of
profit in Renminbi that they have received from the ventures in domestic
enterprises that are capable of bringing in or increasing foreign exchange
earnings in accordance with the provisions in Article 7 of the Law of the
People's Republic of China on Chinese-foreign Equity Joint Ventures and
may, in addition to enjoying the preferential treatment of getting part of
their paid incomes taxes refunded, obtain foreign exchange from the newly
increased foreign exchange revenues of the enterprises which have accepted
their investments and remit abroad their legitimate profit.
Article 11
These Provisions shall apply to the Chinese-foreign equity ventures
established inside China and to the joint ventures and contractual joint
ventures set up on China's mainland by companies, enterprises and other
economic organizations in the regions of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. They
shall also apply to the joint ventures and contractual joint ventures set
up with investments by overseas Chinese.
Financial and insurance enterprises established inside China by foreign
joint ventures and enterprises of the same kind set up on China's mainland
by joint ventures from the regions of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan shall
not be governed by these Provisions.
Article 12
Where provisions existing, before the promulgation of these Provisions,
concerning the question of the balance of revenue and expenditure in
foreign exchange are in conflict with these Provisions, the latter shall
prevail.
Article 13
The Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade shall be responsible
for the interpretation of these Provisions.
Article 14
These Provisions shall go into effect on February 1, 1986.